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| Retrospective diagnoses of autism ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Retrospective diagnoses of autism
A retrospective diagnosis is the practice of identifying a condition in a historical figure using modern knowledge, methods and medical classifications.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) were first identified by Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner in 1943, and it was not until many years later that they were formally recognised by the medical community. Journalists, academics and autism professionals have speculated that certain famous or notable historical people had autism or other autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger syndrome. Such speculations are often disputed. For example, several autism researchers speculate that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was autistic or otherwise neurodivergent, while other researchers say there is not sufficient evidence to draw such conclusions.〔〔 Temple Grandin, a professor who is herself autistic, speculates that very early inventions like the stone spear were probably the work of autistic cavemen.
==Validity of retrospective diagnoses==
Michael Fitzgerald of the Department of Child Psychiatry at Trinity College, Dublin has written numerous books and articles on the subject, identifying over 30 individuals as possibly having AS. Ioan James is a British mathematician who, in 2005, published ''Asperger's Syndrome And High Achievement: Some Very Remarkable People'', identifying a number of historic figures as autism candidates.
Speculation of this sort is, by necessity, based on reported behavior and anecdotal evidence rather than any clinical observation of the individual. Psychologist and author Oliver Sacks wrote that many of these claims seem "very thin at best",〔 and Fred Volkmar, of the Yale Child Study Center, has remarked that "there is unfortunately a sort of cottage industry of finding that everyone has Asperger's". Michael Fitzgerald's research, in particular, has been heavily criticised, and described by some as "fudged pseudoscience" and "frankly absurd".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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